Before learning the different forms of Personal Pronouns, it is important to understand Person in English Grammar. This is very simple: whenever we speak or write, there are three possibilities — the person who speaks, the person who is spoken to, and the person or thing that is spoken about.
Personal Pronouns are the Pronouns used to represent these three Persons. They are divided into First Person, Second Person and Third Person.
Personal Pronouns ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਲਈ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ Person ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣਾ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੌਖਾ ਹੈ। ਜਦੋਂ ਕੋਈ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਤਾਂ ਤਿੰਨ possibilities ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ— ਜੋ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਗੱਲ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਚੀਜ਼ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
ਇਸੇ ਆਧਾਰ ‘ਤੇ Personal Pronouns ਦੀਆਂ ਤਿੰਨ Persons ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ:
- First Person — ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪੁਰਖ:
The person who speaks — ਜੋ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ - Second Person — ਦੂਜਾ ਪੁਰਖ:
The person who is spoken to — ਜਿਸ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਗੱਲ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ - Third Person — ਤੀਜਾ ਪੁਰਖ:
The person or thing spoken about — ਜਿਸ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਚੀਜ਼ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ
| Person | Singular Number | Plural Number |
|---|---|---|
| 1. First Person | I | We |
| 2. Second Person | You | You |
| 3. Third Person | He, She, It | They |
Rules Regarding the Use of Personal Pronouns
1. First Person — ਪਹਿਲਾ ਪੁਰਖ
First Person Pronouns are the Pronouns that refer to the speaker.
First Person Pronouns ਉਹ Pronouns ਹਨ ਜੋ ਬੋਲਣ ਵਾਲੇ (speaker) ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ।
First Person Pronouns
| Number | Nominative Case | Objective Case | Possessive Adjective | Possessive Pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | I | me | my | mine |
| Plural | we | us | our | ours |
Examples:
- I am a teacher.
- You love me.
- This is my book.
- That book is mine.
- We are active.
- They help us.
- Our country is great.
- These pens are ours.
In the above sentences, I, me, my, mine, we, us, our and ours are the Pronouns or Possessive forms related to the First Person.
ਉਪਰੋਕਤ sentences ਵਿੱਚ I, me, my, mine, We, us, our, ours First Person ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ Pronouns ਜਾਂ Possessive forms ਹਨ।
2. Second Person — ਦੂਜਾ ਪੁਰਖ
Second Person Pronouns are the Pronouns that refer to the person or persons being spoken to.
Second Person Pronouns ਉਹ Pronouns ਹਨ ਜੋ ਸੁਣਨ ਵਾਲੇ (listener / audience) ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ।
Second Person Pronouns
| Number | Nominative Case | Objective Case | Possessive Adjective | Possessive Pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | You | You | your | yours |
| Plural | You | You | your | yours |
Examples:
- You are laborious.
- I love you.
- This is your book.
- This book is yours.
In the above sentences, You, your and yours are the Pronouns or Possessive forms related to the Second Person.
ਉਪਰੋਕਤ sentences ਵਿੱਚ You, your, yours Second Person ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ Pronouns ਜਾਂ Possessive forms ਹਨ।
Note: You is used for both Singular and Plural.
You Singular ਅਤੇ Plural ਦੋਵਾਂ ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
3. Third Person — ਤੀਜਾ ਪੁਰਖ
Third Person Pronouns are the Pronouns that refer to a person, animal or thing being spoken about.
Third Person Pronouns ਉਹ Pronouns ਹਨ ਜੋ ਉਸ person, animal ਜਾਂ thing ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਬਾਰੇ ਕੁਝ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੋਵੇ।
Third Person Pronouns
| Number | Nominative Case | Objective Case | Possessive Adjective | Possessive Pronoun |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | He (Masculine) | him | his | his |
| Singular | She (Feminine) | her | her | hers |
| Singular | It (Non-person) | it | its | — |
| Plural | they | them | their | theirs |
Examples:
- He loves you.
- She hates me.
- You admire him.
- Do you like it?
- These frocks are hers.
- Do you know them?
- They read in this school.
- Those bells are theirs.
- These are their notebooks.
- This building is his.
In the above sentences, He, She, It, him, me, hers, them, they, theirs, their and his are the Pronouns or Possessive forms related to the Third Person.
ਉਪਰੋਕਤ sentences ਵਿੱਚ He, She, It, him, me, hers, them, They, theirs, their, his Third Person ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ Pronouns ਜਾਂ Possessive forms ਹਨ।